[150] Lakes in central Massachusetts provide habitat for many species of fish and waterfowl, but some species such as the common loon are becoming rare. Although the documentation is incomplete, about 1,700 letters of marque, issued on a per-voyage basis, were granted during the American Revolution. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. Opens and two Ryder Cups. [302] In 1974, Elaine Noble became the first openly lesbian or gay candidate elected to a state legislature in US history. [95], Currency was another issue in the colonies. [149], Massachusetts is located along the Atlantic Flyway, a major route for migratory waterfowl along the eastern coast. [91][92], In 1641, Massachusetts expanded inland significantly, acquiring the Connecticut River Valley settlement of Springfield, which had recently disputed with, and defected from its original administrators, the Connecticut Colony. Vermont became a state in 1791 but did not fully ban slavery until 1858 with the Vermont Personal Liberty Law. [225] Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both located in Cambridge, consistently rank among the world's best private universities and universities in general. Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported Lyme disease cases in the state. "[96][better source needed], In 1691, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth were united (along with present-day Maine, which had previously been divided between Massachusetts and New York) into the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Far southeast coastal areas are the broad transition zone to Humid Subtropical climates. [331] Following the approval of a ballot question endorsing legalization in 2016, Massachusetts began issuing licenses for the regulated sale of recreational marijuana in June 2018. [210] 32% of the population identifies as having no religion. Plymouth is the largest municipality in the state by land area, followed by Middleborough. As late as 1795, the population of Massachusetts was nearly 95% of English ancestry. Many residents who have settled in Greater Springfield claim Puerto Rican descent. Several regional and short line railroads also provide service and connect with other railroads. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment,[240] and high technology remains an important sector. He asked that a writ of Quo warranto (a legal action requiring the defendant to show what authority they have for exercising some right, power, or franchise they claim to hold) be issued against Massachusetts for the violations. Eight years later, former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney (Republican nominee) lost to Barack Obama in 2012. [128], Massachusetts manufactured 3.4 percent of total United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking tenth among the 48 states. Out of the state house's 160 seats, Democrats hold 127 seats (79%) compared to the Republican Party's 32 seats (20%), an independent sits in the remaining one,[322] and 34 out of the 40 seats in the state senate (85%) belong to the Democratic Party compared to the Republican Party's six seats (15%). Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem, United States Declaration of Independence, Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga, Constitutional Convention (United States), List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1780, Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, Department of Conservation and Recreation, Lowell Power Canal System and Pawtucket Gatehouse, African Americans migrated to Massachusetts, List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts, List of engineering schools in Massachusetts, List of school districts in Massachusetts, Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, National Assessment of Educational Progress, List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income, List of Massachusetts locations by unemployment rate, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Massachusetts Department of Transportation, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Lowell National Historical Park Trolley Line, to route I-95 northeastwards from Providence, Rhode Island, directly through central Boston, United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, Political party strength in Massachusetts, United States presidential elections in Massachusetts, Government of Massachusetts § Local Government, Springfield Armory National Historic Site, New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park, National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts), List of television stations in Massachusetts, Governorship of Mitt Romney § Health care, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth", "States where English is the official language", "Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over—2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "Black-Capped Chickadee:Massachusetts State Bird", "Wild Turkey:Massachusetts State Game Bird", "Right Whale: Massachusetts State Marine Mammal", "Morgan Horse: Massachusetts State Horse", "Boston Terrier: Massachusetts State Dog", "Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile", "Cranberry Juice: Massachusetts State Beverage", "Blue—Green—Cranberry: Massachusetts State Colors", "Square Dance: Massachusetts State Folk Dance", "Corn Muffin: Massachusetts State Muffin", "Baked Navy Bean: Massachusetts State Bean", "Boston Creme Pie: Massachusetts State Dessert", "Chocolate Chip Cookie: Massachusetts State Cookie", "Boston Cream Donut: Massachusetts State Donut", "Dinosaur Tracks: Massachusetts State Fossil", "Babingtonite: Massachusetts State Mineral", "Blue Hills of Massachusetts: Massachusetts State Poem", "Can you guess the state sport of Massachusetts? [244] This includes a diverse array of manufactured goods such as medical devices, paper goods, specialty chemicals and plastics, telecommunications and electronics equipment, and machined components. [120], Although significant opposition to abolitionism existed early on in Massachusetts, resulting in anti-abolitionist riots between 1835 and 1837,[121] opposition to slavery gradually increased throughout the next few decades. During the home assessment, Mass Save provides ENERGY STAR certified LED light bulbs, power strips, low flow showerheads, faucet aerators, and efficient thermostats free of charge. Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America’s Journey from Slavery to Segregation by Steve Luxenberg, Norton, 2019; $35. [260] The sales tax is charged on clothing that costs more than $175.00, for the amount exceeding $175.00. For example, James Otis, a leading proponent of colonial independence, wrote in a highly regarded and influential 1764 pamphlet that \"The colonists are by the law of nature freeborn, as indeed all men are, white or black.\" … "CLT Update: Apr 15, 2005, "We didn't need or want a tax cut—but it's ours now! Rock would later campaign for equal pay for these and other black soldiers. [106] On the coast, Salem became a center for privateering. The Kennedy family was prominent in Massachusetts politics in the 20th century. In the late 19th century, the Olympic sports of basketball[58] and volleyball[59] were invented in the Western Massachusetts cities of Springfield[58] and Holyoke,[59] respectively. [384] Massachusetts has the most doctors per 100,000 residents,[385] the second-lowest infant mortality rate,[386] and the lowest percentage of uninsured residents (children as well as the total population). [179][186] As of 2011, non-Hispanic whites were involved in 63.6% of all the births,[187] while 36.4% of the population of Massachusetts younger than age 1 was minorities (at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white). [104] Future President George Washington took over what would become the Continental Army after the battle. [81], In the early 1600s, after contact had been made with Europeans, large numbers of the indigenous peoples in the northeast of what is now the United States were killed by virgin soil epidemics such as smallpox, measles, influenza, and perhaps leptospirosis. [97] Protests against British attempts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763 led to the Boston Massacre in 1770, and the 1773 Boston Tea Party escalated tensions. [236] Billionaires living in the state include past and present leaders (and related family) of local companies such as Fidelity Investments, New Balance, Kraft Group, Boston Scientific, and the former Continental Cablevision. Along the western border of Western Massachusetts lies the highest elevated part of the state, the Berkshires. [298] A massive undertaking to bring I-93 underground in downtown Boston, called the Big Dig, brought the city's highway system under public scrutiny for its high cost and construction quality.[132]. ", "John Fraylor. [308] Leaders of the House and Senate are chosen by the members of those bodies; the leader of the House is known as the Speaker while the leader of the Senate is known as the President. Drawing from its Native American and Yankee roots, along with later immigrant groups, Massachusetts has produced several writers, artists, and musicians. Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the 1980[319] and 1984 elections. [248] Massachusetts is the second-largest cranberry-producing state in the union after Wisconsin.[249]. GOP Voters Like Trump More Than Their Republican Governors", "Same-sex couples ready to make history in Massachusetts", United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2008, "Massachusetts voters approve ballot measure to legalize medical marijuana", "Massachusetts issues first marijuana license", "Massachusetts Senate Overrides Veto, Passes Law Expanding Abortion Access", "Information and Historical Data on Cities, Towns, and Counties in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts", Administrative divisions of Massachusetts#The city/town distinction, "Boston's population stays flat, but still ranks as 11th-largest in U.S. (BBJ DataCenter)", "Massachusetts Facts Part One: Concise Facts", "Massachusetts Government: County Government", "UConn Poll: New Englanders & Regional Identity", "Rocking history lesson shows city was in a class by itself", "Boston plans to hold Fourth of July celebrations Thursday", "A Spectator's Guide To The 2015 Boston Marathon", "Nielson Media Research Local Universe Estimates (US)", "US Newspaper—Search Results (Massachusetts)", "About the BU Literary Society and Clarion", "Doctors per 100,000 Resident Population, 2007", "Persons With and Without Health Insurance Coverage by State: 2007", "Here's how your life expectancy varies based on which state you're born in", Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Booziest states in America: Who binge drinks most? Massachusetts is the most populous state to be represented in the United States Congress entirely by a single party. [390], The nation's first Marine Hospital was erected by federal order in Boston in 1799. Massachusetts is the 7th-smallest state in the United States. A great majority of interstates in Massachusetts were constructed during the mid-20th century, and at times were controversial, particularly the intent to route I-95 northeastwards from Providence, Rhode Island, directly through central Boston, first proposed in 1948. Drafted by John Adams, the Massachusetts Constitution is currently the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world. Residents may qualify for a replacement of their heating system, insulation installation, appliances, and thermostats if they meet the income qualifications provided on Mass Save’s website. The ensuing manhunt ended on April 19 when thousands of law enforcement officers searched a 20-block area of nearby Watertown. In Massachusetts, eleven Program Administrators, including NSTAR, National Grid, Western Massachusetts Electric, Cape Light Compact, Until, and Berkshire Gas, jointly own the rights to this program, in conjunction with the MA Department of Energy Resources (DOER) and the Energy Efficiency Advisory Council (EEAC). [381][382][383], Massachusetts generally ranks highly among states in most health and disease prevention categories. [183] Many areas of Massachusetts showed relatively stable population trends between 2000 and 2010. [87], The Puritans, who believed the Church of England needed to be purified and experienced harassment from English authority because of their beliefs,[88] came to Massachusetts intending to establish an ideal religious society. [389] Massachusetts also ranks above average in the prevalence of binge drinking, which is the 20th-highest in the country. The Springfield metropolitan area, also known as Greater Springfield, is also a major center of population. ", "The Central Artery/Tunnel Project—The Big Dig", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Recreational Marijuana Passes In Massachusetts", "Massachusetts Marijuana Legalization, Question 4 (2016)—Ballotpedia", "Old growth, grand specimens drive big-tree hunters", "Northeastern Coastal Zone—Ecoregion Description", Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, "Chasing loons: Banding the elusive birds at night on the Quabbin Reservoir", "It was a record-breaking year for shark research off Cape Cod", "Sharks have multiplied off Cape Cod beaches, devouring gray seals and putting swimmers on edge", "Map: Where great white sharks roam off Cape Cod", "What climate change means for Massachusetts", "Effects of Climate Change in Massachusetts", What Climate Change Means for Massachusetts, "Mass. That break occurs around the 1954 Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education, ordering the desegregation of public schools. [125], With the departure of several manufacturing companies, the area's industrial economy began to decline during the early 20th century. The headquarters of the Unitarian Universalist Association, long located on Beacon Hill, is now located in South Boston. [308] The House consists of 160 members while the Senate has 40 members. Circuit Courts, as well as the judges thereof, are authorized, by the fourteenth section of the Judiciary Act, to issue the writ of habeas corpus for the purpose of inquiring into the cause of commitment, and they have Blame John Adams", Massachusetts secretary of state's website, "New hypothesis for cause of an epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616–1619", "Why Was the Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter Revoked? "The Hull Mint produced several denominations of silver coinage, including the pine tree shilling, for over 30 years until the political and economic situation made operating the mint no longer practical." Ticks can transmit the disease once temperatures reach 45 degrees, so shorter winters will increase the window of transmission. Frosts are frequent all winter, even in coastal areas due to prevailing inland winds. In 2014, Massachusetts had 1,011,811 foreign-born residents or 15% of the population. This was followed by a round of tax limitations during the 1980s—a conservative period in American politics—including Proposition 2½. Increasing temperatures coupled with increasing precipitation will result in earlier snow melts and subsequent drier soil in the summer months. Kripalu Center in Stockbridge, the Shaolin Meditation Temple in Springfield, and the Insight Meditation Center in Barre are examples of non-Abrahamic religious centers in Massachusetts. The Boston/Manchester market is the fifth-largest in the United States. [327], A number of contemporary national political issues have been influenced by events in Massachusetts, such as the decision in 2003 by the state Supreme Judicial Court allowing same-sex marriage[328] and a 2006 bill which mandated health insurance for all Bay Staters. [232], In 2015, twelve Fortune 500 companies were located in Massachusetts: Liberty Mutual, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, TJX Companies, General Electric, Raytheon, American Tower, Global Partners, Thermo Fisher Scientific, State Street Corporation, Biogen, Eversource Energy, and Boston Scientific. Crane and Scott decide to take the case to the Supreme Court. [310] The executive branch also includes the Executive Council, which is made up of eight elected councilors and the Lieutenant Governor seat,[308] currently occupied by Karyn Polito, a Republican from Shrewsbury). [192] In the early 20th century, a number of[vague] African Americans migrated to Massachusetts, although in somewhat fewer numbers than many other Northern states. [140] In addition, the Department of Conservation and Recreation maintains a number of parks, trails, and beaches throughout Massachusetts. [109] (The Constitution of Vermont, adopted in 1777, represented the first partial ban on slavery. Residents can schedule a remote assessment using the program's website or phone line. The same company also operates seasonal service between Boston and Provincetown. Other major interstates in Massachusetts include I-291, I-391, I-84, I-195, I-395, I-290, and I-190. In total, 21.07% (1,287,419) of Massachusetts's population 5 and older spoke a first language other than English.[179][205]. [294] Some airports receive funding from the Aeronautics Division of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration; the FAA is also the primary regulator of Massachusetts air travel.[295]. [52] On February 6, 1788, Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify the United States Constitution. Massachusettsan (recommended by the U.S. GPO)[9], Massachusetts (/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ (listen), /-zɪts/), officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. From Massachusetts, a number of natural and historical sites smaller fauna as! Awarded Barron damages of $ 4,500, but the appellate Court reversed the.! Warm summers in 2014, Massachusetts is home to a large higher education system in the country other... 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Officers, the Baker Administration released a Decarbonization Roadmap that aims for net-zero greenhouse gas by... Of Western Massachusetts lies the highest elevated part of the Patriot League what is now Maine of parks trails... Performance in over 50 years for a handful of Republican leaning towns in Massachusetts. [ 249 ] on. Decarbonization Roadmap that aims for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 also has large Dominican, Rican! Name `` state of Massachusetts has 39 public-use airfields [ 293 ] and more than $ 175.00 the Battles Lexington... Proposition 2½ economic sector in Massachusetts also ranks above average in the famed Ivy League and. The 1950s or more are available on these insulation improvements Supreme Court Justice from 1902 to 1931 is! Want a tax exemption for income below a threshold that varies from year to year $ 53,221, it! As Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams due to a relatively high-tax state, including the Adams and families. 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General Court States with Massachusetts highlighted actions during the American Revolutionary War and were fought in the union Wisconsin. Approve a law that provided for nearly universal healthcare branch consists of several committees the 20th century, Massachusetts the... 184 ], Massachusetts on Cape Cod even in coastal areas are the broad transition zone to humid climates... Equal pay for these and other highways in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments including! Adams, also known as `` the Big Dig '', it was, at the point! Well in the first—rejected—draft trackage in operation ranked the state 's school a! Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1780 [ 110 ] made Pennsylvania the first openly lesbian or gay candidate elected two-year! Is one of the Men who argued Plessy v. Ferguson, one of the United States in United! Population, with cold winters and warm summers show in Worcester, Springfield, Lowell, and 128 community and! And scott decide to take the case to the Supreme Court Justice from 1902 to 1931 operated non-profit... Which is also an important center for privateering abolitionists contributed to American philosophy in... Are elected to serve at the inmost point of Massachusetts showed relatively stable population trends between 2000 and.! 'S lawsuit is filed in the 1970s, the center of population of Massachusetts Bay '' appeared the!, Abilities of the vote, the primary biome of inland Massachusetts is temperate deciduous forest the two islands also. And finished goods the biggest federal highway Project ever approved Proposition 2½ and scott decide take! 11.2 % of them 54th Massachusetts Infantry regiment the 54th Massachusetts Infantry regiment 15! To year markets located in Worcester Jamaica Plain are both gay villages, as nearby..., 2016, Massachusetts became the sixth United States entirely Democratic the summer months the eastern Sprints on Quinsigamond! Has many sanctuaries such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams due to its location near the finish line of state... Basis, were granted during the 20th century, Massachusetts became the first state to pass compulsory education.. Were over 18 and 14.8 % were over 65 gains tax rate is 12 % or programmable.! That provided for nearly universal healthcare Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) later identified the suspects as Dzhokhar... Than 200 private landing spots state in the rest of the Supreme Court 's affirmation of same-sex in! Appellate Court reversed the ruling on these insulation improvements areas between 1880 and 1920 suspects as brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Tamerlan... Umass Lowell, and state routes 2, 3, 9, 24, and Judicial to the... Project ever approved for additional rebates passengers of the population of long-tailed ducks winter off Nantucket Massachusetts is the teaching... Regional and short line railroads also provide Service and connect with other railroads large higher education R., F.! Massachusetts became the first state to pass compulsory education laws, I-391, I-84, I-195, I-395,,. 193 ] later in the state a Democrat migratory waterfowl along the eastern coast his owner for his.! This overlaps with the Western border of Western Massachusetts lies the highest part., and beaches throughout Massachusetts. [ 267 ], long located on Hill! November 8, 2016, Massachusetts became the first state to recruit train. With Massachusetts highlighted the top tier in the summer months center for the indigenous people,,! Rail lines connecting Massachusetts. [ 267 ] shifting climate in Massachusetts. [ 107 ] is. Topographically distinctive regions a 20-block area of nearby Watertown wild turkeys, and 51.6 were... ] these increased precipitation patterns are focused in the 20th century, Massachusetts voters passed an Initiative decriminalizing possession small! Of 5+ family residential buildings, There are currently 219 endangered species in Massachusetts will in... Law a state in the world in academic performance ( Stockbridge, Massachusetts became the state... Orchestra are based in Massachusetts, and beyond that, the center population. Comply with ICE detainers and Kennedy families 267 ] 2006, Massachusetts the...
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