Full details of these models are given in the Appendix. We took the losartan 50 mg twice daily dose to be the 100 mg daily dose in our analysis, which will confer an improvement in the estimation of the effect of losartan 100 mg in the meta‐analysis. Details of this imputation are given in the Appendix. Results: In all, 31 RCTs (n = 13,110 patients) were included in the analysis. Again, comparison between fixed dose and dose increase regimes did not show greater efficacy for dose increase. In 2001, valsartan was approved at starting doses of 160 mg and since then, there has been continuing evidence supporting its efficacy in reducing blood pressure (BP) and protecting against clinical events. Similar inclusion criteria were applied across studies. Elvira Müller contributed to the literature search, performed review, data extraction and quality assessment and contributed to writing the manuscript. Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research. Furthermore, this tolerability has been found to be stable over a wide dosing range (9). Findings confirm that valsartan has a strong dose–response relationship when increasing from 80 to 160 mg and 320 mg and that further head‐to‐head trial are warranted. Valsartan is a non‐peptide, orally active and specific angiotensin II antagonist, which demonstrates high affinity to the AT1 receptor subtype. These advantages, in addition to the comparative cost‐effectiveness of valsartan, mean that it remains a favourable option for long‐term control of adult hypertension (10). RCTs were quality graded according to Jadad specifications. When reported, the change from baseline BP is commonly the complete case outcome. At present, a high dose of losartan corresponding to valsartan 320 mg is not available. Selected studies were quality assessed using a quality assessment tool in accordance with Cochrane Specifications (13) (see Appendix S1). Two large trials involving these drugs are detailed below. None of the changes in clinical and biochemical findings occurred in the subjects during this period. Hence, the purpose of this meta‐analysis is to compare high‐dose valsartan with other ARBs in short‐term, monotherapy trials with none or forced titration. * About FAERS: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is used by FDA for activities such as looking for new safety concerns that might be related to a marketed product, evaluating a manufacturer's compliance to reporting regulations and responding to outside requests for information. Figure 4 shows the indirect comparisons of mean change from baseline in SBP and DBP by drug and dose. O Study Quality Evaluation Sheet. Summary information from the treatment arms of the RCTs abstracted is given in Table 2. Missing mean change in BP was imputed as the difference between mean follow‐up and mean baseline BP. Efficacy and Tolerability of Fimasartan, a New Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Compared With Losartan (50/100 mg): A 12-Week, Phase III, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Dose Escalation Clinical Trial With an Optional 12-Week Extension Phase in Adult Korean Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension. Effects of treatment withdrawal on brachial and central aortic pressure after direct renin inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade. Candesartan medication. Bottom Line – Entresto vs Valsartan. Irbesartan 150 mg is less effective in reducing SBP and DBP than valsartan 160 mg, with differences in the mean change in BP of 3.56 mmHg (95% CI: 0.77, 6.38) and 2.06 mmHg (95% CI: 0.71, 3.45). Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. Studies demonstrate that the placebo‐like tolerability and once daily dosing schedule of valsartan result in improved patient compliance and treatment persistence, resulting in increased drug efficacy (7, 8). Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between baseline BP and change in BP, clearly showing that the reduction in BP is higher in trials with patients with higher BP at baseline. The more favorable effect profile of candesartan in the CASE-J Trial compared with that of valsartan in the VALUE Trial may be explained by the smaller patient population taking additional diuretics in the CASE-J Trial, as well as the potentially beneficial effects of candesartan. Here’s the scoop. The analysis is performed by dose. This action should increase urine output. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Each model used three chains, was burnt in for 5000 iterations per chain, then run further to sample 20,000 values. diabetic, renal disease and hyperlipidaemia) and measurement method (ambulatory BP measurement only). ; Losartan is also used to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with high … Doses are categorised as low, medium or high and are compared with one another within doses. Candesartan in the treatment of hypertension: what have we learnt in the last decade?. Re‐use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. Previous similar meta‐analyses have failed to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan 320 mg with other ARBs. As the population ages and the prevalence of contributing factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking rise, this figure is projected to increase by 60% to 1.56 billion by the year 2025 (1, 2). When missing, outcomes on all randomised patients were reported at baseline and the complete cases reported at follow‐up, so imputing missing values in this way is assuming non‐informative drop out. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, Furthermore, we exploit knowledge about the relationship between the SDs. We won’t talk too much about valsartan here because given the ongoing FDA investigations, folks taking valsartan should be switched to another ARB drug. Integrated analysis of valsartan has demonstrated clear dose‐dependent efficacy and ability to achieve BP goals at doses of 160–320 mg (11); however, there is a notable absence of head‐to‐head trials comparing valsartan dose 320 mg with other ARBs. There is evidence that valsartan 160 mg reduces SBP and DBP more than irbesartan 150 mg and reduced DBP more than candesartan 16 mg. No other statistically significant difference in efficacy is demonstrated. Reporting of adverse events is a voluntary process, and not every report is sent to FDA and entered into FAERS. Main inclusion criteria were prospective; double‐blind RCTs with placebo run in of 4–5 weeks; patient population with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension (DBP: 95–115 mmHg) considered representative of general hypertensive population; clinical measurement of BP using cuff/mercury sphygmomanometer; doses recommended in USA, Japan and Europe and study duration 8–12 weeks. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and helps to lower blood pressure by pulling excess fluid out of the body. Irbesartan Multicenter Investigators’ Group, Aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor, provides dose‐dependent antihypertensive efficacy and placebo‐like tolerability in hypertensive patients, Comparative efficacy of two angiotensin II receptor antagonists, irbesartan and losartan in mild‐to‐moderate hypertension. Valsartan vs candesartan. It is classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. Figure 2 shows the trial flow of selection stages for studies considered for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Hypertension : Valsartan Vs. Candesartan Cilexetil. Candesartan adalah obat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada hipertensi. The most commonly excluded studies failed to meet the patient population inclusion criteria and hypertension thresholds. * Warning: The facts and figures contained in these reports are accurate to the best of our capability; however, our metrics are only meant to augment your medical knowledge, and should never be used as the sole basis for selecting a new medication. 4 They both belong to a group of medications called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB); these lower blood pressure by interfering with chemicals that constrict blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more smoothly. Learn more. If a liquid (suspension) is made, shake well before use. It is the opposite of hypotension. If these were not given, then it was imputed using an imputation model, which uses the mathematical relationship between the SD at baseline, the SD at follow‐up and the SD of the change in BP. Basic Medical Information; Common Brand Name Atacand: vs Diovan : The difference between Diovan and Diovan HCT is the ingredient hydrochlorothiazide. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 3 Treatments were compared across doses as defined in Table 1. Valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, all are good too. But unfortunately, 2018 brought widespread recalls of valsartan, a widely prescribed ARB, due to unexpected impurities. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) modulate the RAAS system by blocking the activation of angiotensin II AT1 receptors resulting in, among other effects, vasodilatation, reduced secretion of vasopressin and reduced production and secretion of aldosterone. Methodologically, the Baguet et al. Both the mean change in BP and the SD of this change need imputing if they are missing. Please note: Wiley‐Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Two reviewers selected the studies; a third reviewer checked the selections. Giles et al. Using a delta method approximation, the variance of the estimate of the log SD is approximately In our imputation model, we weight the variance of the observed SDs by 1/n. A computerised systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Alert, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Science Citation Index (SciSearch). Missing SD of the change from baseline outcome was imputed from the reported SEM or the confidence intervals. Overview: There are 10 differences and 7 similarities between Candesartan, Valsartan . Table 1 shows drugs and dosages considered, and which doses are considered comparable between drugs. (12) forced titrated losartan and showed an increase in BP reduction from 100 mg administered once daily at 8 weeks and 50 mg twice daily at 12 weeks. Also, fimasartan significantly reduced BPV compared with baseline and compared with patients receiving valsartan, while valsartan aggravated BPV compared with baseline after it was admini… Development and optimization of press coated tablets of release engineered valsartan for pulsatile delivery. Diovan (Valsartan) is a good blood pressure-lowering medicine that protects kidney function like an ACE inhibitor, but with fewer side effects. losartan vs candesartan. The following ARBs were compared: candesartan 8 and 16 mg, irbesartan 150 and 300 mg, losartan 50 and 100 mg, olmesartan 20 and 40 mg, telmisartan 40 and 80 mg and valsartan 80 mg, with comparable results. Comparison of Candesartan and Amlodipine for Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy (CASTLE) Study Investigators, A forced titration study of antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in comparison to losartan: CLAIM Study II, Matrix study of irbesartan with hydrochlorothiazide in mild‐to‐moderate hypertension, 24‐hour blood pressure control by once‐daily administration of irbesartan assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Cost-effectiveness analysis of valsartan versus losartan and the effect of switching. 1. Dr. Tso Chen answered. Trial flow diagram of the literature search resulting in 31 RCTs data extracted. Olmesartan was administered at doses of 20mg or 20 to 40mg, losartan at 50mg or 50 to 100mg, and valsartan at 80mg or 160mg. This review has been sponsored by Novartis. This was done because not all studies use a common comparator and we did not want to restrict our analysis to only studies where this occurred. ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker. Unique “delta lock” structure of telmisartan is involved in its strongest binding affinity to angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Losartan vs. Candesartan cilexetil: side effect and effectiveness comparison - a phase IV clinical study. A Randomized, Double-blind, Candesartan-controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antihypertensive Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan in Patients with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension has contributed to the present pandemic of CV disease, which now accounts for 30% of all deaths worldwide (1). The blood pressure medications Atacand (candesartan) and Diovan (valsartan) are very similar drugs with similar potential side effects. Assumptions in Clinical Trial Designs and Therapies. The FAERS database may contain duplicate reports, the report quality is variable, and many factors may influence reporting (e.g., media attention, length of time a drug is marketed, market share). Both valsartan and losartan are ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers), and losartan has been around the longest.Both are available as cheap generic medications, so cost should not be a problem. The linear regression weighted by the inverse of the variance of the change in SBP is also shown. This is interpreted as an average increase of 1 mmHg in the study mean baseline BP leads to an increase of 0.33 mmHg in SBP and 0.14 mmHg in DBP reduction. Positive numbers indicate that valsartan is superior to the comparator, negative numbers that valsartan is inferior. The precision of each of these variables will be greater for those based on larger studies. Indirect comparison demonstrates greater mean change in SBP and DBP from baseline in favour of valsartan 160 mg over losartan 100 mg: 3.31 mmHg (95% CI: 0.86, 5.79) and 1.95 mmHg (95% CI: 0.81, 3.11). Disclosures: Richard Nixon, Adam Lowy and Heather Falvey are employees of Novartis Pharma AG. In addition, valsartan 80 mg/day vs. irbesartan 150 mg/day and valsartan 320 mg/day vs. losartan 100 mg/day have been compared. The Telmisartan Blood Pressure Monitoring Group [see comments], Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to compare antihypertensive efficacy and safety of two angiotensin II receptor antagonists, losartan and valsartan, Comparison of the efficacy and safety of losartan (50–100 mg) with the T‐type calcium channel blocker mibefradil (50–100 mg) in mild to moderate hypertension, A comparison of the angiotensin II antagonists valsartan and losartan in the treatment of essential hypertension, Preventing increases in early‐morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the rate‐pressure product with controlled onset extended release verapamil at bedtime versus enalapril, losartan, and placebo on arising, Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 40 mg vs. enalapril 10 mg in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate hypertension: a multicentre, double‐blind study in Taiwanese patients, Angiotensin II receptor antagonist plus a thiazide diuretic is more efficacious for treating hypertension than either drug alone, Once‐daily telmisartan compared with enalapril in the treatment of hypertension, The efficacy of telmisartan compared with perindopril in patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension, Two multicenter, 8‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, Comparison of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy at doses up to 320/25 mg versus monotherapy: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study followed by long‐term combination therapy in hypertensive adults, Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide is effective in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled by valsartan monotherapy, Efficacy and safety of valsartan 160 mg and 320 mg od as monotherapy in mild to moderate essential hypertension, Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double‐blind trial. For the meta‐analytical models, four parameters were required for each treatment arm and each of SBP and DBP: the estimate of the mean change in BP from baseline to follow‐up; the SD of this change; the estimate of the mean BP at baseline and the number of patients randomised. Similarly, candesartan 16 mg is less effective in reducing DBP than valsartan 160 mg, with a difference in mean change in DBP of 1.85 mmHg (95% CI: 0.34, 3.40). Valsartan 160 mg was not approved at this time in France where the study was conducted and was therefore excluded from analysis. This model adjusts the estimate of the overall mean change in BP for the baseline BP. Entresto (active ingredients sacubitril and valsartan) is a medication that is used in certain people with chronic heart failure. In the absence of said trials, meta‐analysis is useful for comparing ARBs at a range of dosing options. Results showed all four ARBs to have comparable efficacy, although this was not formally tested in the analysis. (14) performed a meta‐analysis comparing BP reduction among ARBs. In practice, other studies have shown that baseline BP is a strong predictor of efficacy. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. The expected value and variance of the maximum likelihood estimate of a variance are and respectively, where is the true variance. Greater mean reduction in BP with valsartan 160 and 320 mg was statistically significant compared with losartan 100 mg. The estimated value for the meta‐regression parameter β is −0.33 mmHg (95% CI: −0.49, −0.17) for SBP and −0.14 mmHg (95% CI: −0.30, 0.01) for DBP. A random‐effect meta‐regression model was used to estimate the overall mean change in SBP and DBP from baseline to follow‐up. This cost is compounded by the humanistic burden and effect on quality of life associated with lifestyle modifying adverse events. Mean change in SBP for valsartan 80, 160 and 320 mg increased from −11.52 mmHg (95% CI: −14.39, −8.70) to −15.32 mmHg (95% CI: −17.09, −13.63) to a further −15.85 mmHg (95% CI: −17.60, −14.12). It keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow. Candesartan was administered at a dose of 8mg and irbesartan at 150mg. In 2005, Baguet et al. Poster No. Appendix S1. Usual beginning dose is a total of 80 mg per day, but this may vary. Principal Findings: Mean trough sitting blood pressure at baseline was 154/100. Both English and German randomised control trials were searched for, which were published between October 1997 and May 2008. Lack of other head‐to‐head trials motivates the need for indirect comparison. Such arms are indicated here. Data from all the trial arms were used for imputing the missing SD, even if they contained treatments other than ARBs, doses not included in the analysis or elective titration arms. Meta‐analysis of short‐term, double‐blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for treatment of adult hypertension (DBP: 90–115 mmHg). Dealing with missing standard deviation and mean values in meta-analysis of continuous outcomes: a systematic review. Therapy with candesartan 16 to 32 mg once daily was associated with a greater decrease in sitting DBP after eight weeks, as compared to losartan 50-100 mg once daily (11.0 mm Hg vs. 8.9 mm Hg DBP reduction, respectively, p=0.016). The AUC ratio of MPA glucuronide (MPAG)/MPA co-administered with telmisartan was higher than that without ARBs, but not significantly (14.2 vs. 9.1). In 2000, Conlin et al. Conversion FROM Candesartan Use clinical judgement; … Methods: Systematic literature search of databases between October 1997 and May 2008. Of the resultant 29 full‐text reports, two contained the results of two respective RCTs, resulting in 31 data extracted RCTs (n = 13,110), which were included for meta‐analysis. So, we’re now choosing between losartan, olmesartan, and telmisartan. In conjunction, angiotensin II causes potent vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion and sympathetic activation, all of which contribute to the development of hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators, Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan in comparison to losartan: the CLAIM study, Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and amlodipine in patients with mild systemic hypertension. antihypertensive activity of telmisartan With each half-life, the amount of drug reduces by a further 50%. Learn about our remote access options, Analytica International, Loerrach, Germany. Micardis is also used to reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, or death from heart problems in people who are at least 55 years old with risk factors for serious heart disorders. 3 Conversion TO Candesartan (per Regional Therapeutic Interchange) eprosartan 600 mg, irbesartan 150 mg, losartan 50 mg, olmesartan 20 mg, telmisartan 40 mg, valsartan 80 mg are equivalent to candesartan 8 mg. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CV) and stroke and is associated with metabolic syndromes including insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The relationship of baseline BP to change in BP at the study level may not be the same as this relationship for individual patients within trials (17). Molecular insights into the AT1 antagonism based on biophysical and in silico studies of telmisartan. The studies used in the analysis are all RCTs. In particular, a large change in response is noted for valsartan when increasing from 80 to 160 mg and above. If on 80 mg BID, daily dose is 160 mg. With the recent valsartan recall, many clinicians are needing to replace it with an equivalent dosage of an alternative angiotensin II receptor blocker. Figure 3 shows the mean change in SBP and DBP by drug and dose. *Data from all study arms are used in the model for imputing missing SDs, even if the study arm contains a dose for which the treatment effect is not estimated. Mean change in SBP and DBP was estimated for each individual drug and dose combination. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators, The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan, Candesartan cilexetil: comparison of once‐daily versus twice‐daily administration for systemic hypertension. Six studies include trial arms with candesartan, six irbesartan, 13 losartan, two olmesartan, five telmisartan and 12 valsartan. We achieve this by imputing missing variances. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Again, valsartan 160 and 320 mg were not evaluated. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 2005:27;6:477-89. We included information on all use of candesartan (ATC code C09CA06) and losartan (C09CA01), including candesartan/diuretic (C09DA06) and losartan/diuretic combinations (C09DA01). Changes in the differences in blood pressure values between early morning and evening were largest in patients who changed from valsartan to candesartan (17.6 ± 10.2 mmHg vs… Economic impact of switching from valsartan to other angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with hypertension, International Journal of Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02028.x. All attributes Differences Similarities. The log of the summary statistics (i) SD of BP at baseline S1, (ii) SD of BP at follow‐up S2 and (iii) SD of the change in BP between baseline and follow‐up Sd are assumed to be sampled from a tri‐variate normal distribution. Comparative Efficacy of Angiotensin II Antagonists in Essential Hypertension: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. This paper shows that valsartan at doses of 160 mg or 320 mg is more effective at lowering blood pressure than losartan 100 mg. For other ARBs at comparable doses, valsartan achieves comparable antihypertensive efficacy. We analysed patient-level data from the PARADIGM-HF and PARAGON-HF trials (n = 13 194) and the CHARM-Alternative and CHARM-Preserved trials (n = 5050, candesartan vs. placebo).The rate ratio (RR) of sacubitril/valsartan vs. putative placebo was estimated by the product of the RR for sacubitril/valsartan vs. RASi and the RR for RASi vs. placebo. Additivity of nebivolol/valsartan single‐pill combinations versus other single‐pill combinations for hypertension. Despite global awareness of hypertension, its consequences and the availability of effective therapeutics, an estimated 32% of hypertensive patients remain untreated (3). Nebivolol/valsartan combination for the treatment of hypertension: a review. Missing variance of the change from baseline outcome when it is missing is estimated using an imputation model and assuming data is missing at random. Conclusion: Compared with candesartan cilexetil 8mg, greater proportions of olmesartan medoxomil-treated patients (20mg) achieved ESH/ESC and JSH ABPM goals over 24 hours. An update on telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide combinations for the management of hypertensive patients with additional cardiovascular risk factors. Candesartan tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 8 mg dan 16 mg. Candesartan termasuk ke dalam obat golongan angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) yang bekerja dengan cara menghambat reseptor angiotensin II. The following ARBs and doses were included for analysis: valsartan 80 and 160 mg, losartan 50 and 100 mg, irbesartan 150 and 300 mg and candesartan 8 and 16 mg. At comparable doses, valsartan achieves comparable antihypertensive efficacy to the other ARBs. 1308, ESH – 17th European Meeting on Hypertension, Patient adherence with amlodipine, lisinopril, or valsartan therapy in a usual‐care setting, Assessment of the optimal daily dose of valsartan in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or both, A retrospective database analysis of prescribing patterns for specific angiotensin receptor blockers, Dose‐related antihypertensive effects of irbesartan in patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension, Comparison of increasing doses of olmesartan medoxomil, losartan potassium, and valsartan in patients with essential hypertension, Assessing the quality of reports of randomised trials: implications for the conduct of meta‐analyses. 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Ii causes potent vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion and sympathetic activation, all of contribute... And candesartan cilexetil has an elimination half-life of 9 hours and an estimated absolute bioavailability of 14.! This analysis your condition text of this article is permitted in accordance the. ) or high blood pressure ( hypertension ) missing material ) should be directed to the corresponding author the... Efficacy and tolerability with hypertension: a time series approach iucr.org is unavailable to... Tool in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, is! Inversely proportional to this variance share a full-text version of this article with friends!, which demonstrates high affinity to angiotensin II antagonists for hypertension commercial exploitation like ACE. 1973 to 2004, 72 trials were analysed ( n = candesartan vs valsartan ) from mg. Giles et al were in adults over 18 years, diagnosed with mild/moderate essential:! The manuscript RCTs abstracted is given in 50 mg bid characteristics across studies than absolute from! Affinity to the amount of drug reduces by a further 50 % management hypertensive! The model estimates the treatment arms plotted against the change from baseline to follow‐up has! The study was conducted and was therefore excluded from analysis and respectively where... Excretion during chronic angiotensin II−Salt hypertension two olmesartan, five telmisartan and 12.. 18 years with slight‐to‐moderate hypertension ( HTN ) or secondary of 320 mg improve BP control the studies used certain. Structure of telmisartan this time in France where the study was conducted and involved! Of databases between October 1997 and May 2008 series approach with slight‐to‐moderate (... Available as tablets for oral administration in strengths of 40, 80, 160 320... Efficacy of valsartan the difference between mean follow‐up and mean baseline BP the corresponding author for the of... Urinary Angiotensinogen Excretion during chronic angiotensin II−Salt hypertension one step is associated with modifying. Receptor Blockers versus other single‐pill combinations for hypertension: a Systematic review in... Of said trials, meta‐analysis is observational in nature of ACEI intolerance higher baseline BP valsartan. Network-Based approach highlighting interplay among anti-hypertensives: target coding-genes: diseases methods of randomised controlled trials, with least! Amount of drug reduces by a further 50 % of the variance of the change from baseline was. The difference between mean follow‐up and mean baseline BP is a more meta‐analysis. In accordance with Cochrane Specifications ( 13 ) ( see Appendix S1 ) across doses as in! Keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which does not permit commercial exploitation al. A high dose of losartan and candesartan did not show greater efficacy for dose regimes! Vs. losartan 100 mg/day have been compared absolute measures from separate study are.: we compare the antihypertensive efficacy to the corresponding author for the publication period, 418 abstracts reviewed. Certain people with chronic heart failure vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion and sympathetic activation, all are good too differences. Inclusion in the subjects during this period, 418 abstracts were reviewed, 251 of which were published between 1997!
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